Utilization of Palm Kernel Shell as Coarse Aggregate Replacement in Pervious Concrete: An Alternative Approach to Sustainable Pervious Concrete Walkway

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Abstract: Increased urbanization in many cities of the world brings with it the problem of multiplied impervious surfaces on infrastructure like roads. Using pervious instead of impervious surfaces will address these concerns, the use of palm kernel shell (PKS) to replace granite in the matrix will further address the cost and environmental worries. A Pervious Concrete walkway was constructed on an unpaved, waterlogged stretch using agricultural waste product-Palm Kernel Shell (PKS) to replace conventional granite in the concrete matrix. The initial laboratory tests were carried out in accordance with BS 812, Part 101 from 1984 to 1990, and Parts 110 and 112 from 1990. The batching process was weighted, with aggregate percentages for partial replacement set at 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% PKS. The mix of 70% granite and 30% palm kernel shell produced the highest compressive strength, with values of 5.33 MPa, 6.19 MPa, and 7.36 MPa at 7, 14, and 28 days, respectively. The incorporation of PKS into the pervious concrete walkway effectively reduced waterlogging in the area while posing no environmental concerns..