Abstract
Traditionally fly ash is thought to be glassy, spherical particle originating from pulverized coal combustion (PCC) at temperature up to 1700 °C. However, nowadays fluidized bed combustion (FBC) technology is spreading quickly around the world as it is an efficient and environmentally friendly method. FBC is also able to utilize mixtures of low-grade solid fuels (e.g., coal, lignite, biomass, and waste) that have fluctuating quality, composition, and moisture contents. However, this leads to a high variation in the produced fly ash quality, unlike PCC fly ash, and hence challenges when attempting to utilize this fly ash. In this study, the utilization of fluidized bed combustion fly ash (FBCFA) was reviewed using the Scopus database. The most promising utilization target for FBCFA from biomass combustion is as a fertilizer and soil amendment. In construction, the FBCFA from various fuels is utilized as cement replacement material, in non-cement binders, as lightweight aggregates and cast-concrete products. Other types of construction applications include mine backfilling material, soil stabilizer, and road construction material. There are also other promising applications for FBCFA utilization, such as catalysts support material and utilization in waste stabilization.
Highlights
The Traditionally fly ash is thought to be glassy, spherical particle originating from pulverized coal combustion (PCC) at temperature 1300–1700 ◦C
Shon et al [151] used fluidized bed combustion fly ash (FBCFA) as a primary resource material for manufacturing synthetic lightweight aggregate, and the results indicated that the produced synthetic aggregates met ASTM C 33/330 criteria for a concrete aggregate without inducing any soundness problems, despite their relatively high water absorption
One of the most promising applications is fertilizers for fly ashes originating from biomass combustion
Summary
The Traditionally fly ash is thought to be glassy, spherical particle originating from pulverized coal combustion (PCC) at temperature 1300–1700 ◦C. FBCFA differs from PCCFA because of a high variety of fuel mixtures, additive possibilities, combustion temperatures, boiler technology (circulating, bubbling, pressurized, and atmospheric FBC) and fly ash collection technology. The most typical fuel for the FBC boiler is coal, and coke, peat, biomass from forest and agriculture, and different types of wastes [10,11] are burned in a fluidized bed boiler. Another issue to consider is the utilization of landfilled fly ash: this ash has reacted with water and, at some plants, mixed with bottom ash [12,13,14,15]. In the present review, we have summarized fresh FBCFA properties, reviewed all possible utilization applications, and provided the most promising utilization applications
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