Abstract
This paper presents the study of a single-phase synchronous motor with permanent magnets (PM) using some computer programs. This motor type is used especially in household applications, and it has a low power. It is known that PM synchronous motors have a great advantage consisting in the lack of rotor losses. For this motor the starting problem has been solved performing a variable air gap under polar shoes, what determine the occurrence of the starting torque due to the fact that the axis of the rotor field created by PM in the rest position differs from the axis of the stator. First the parameters of the motor have been determined by tests and finite elements (FE) simulations, without knowing the properties of the PM. At the beginning magnetostatic FE simulations have been performed and then in magnetodynamic regime. The obtained results in the two regimes are closed. Secondly, with the determined parameters, a Matlab Simulink model has been realized (this being the final goal), and the dynamic regime of the motor has been studied. The results regarding the motor speed in starting process, the current variation, are also presented and discussed.
Highlights
Increasing the performance of electrical equipment is a global priority, knowing that electrical power consumption is the most important cost over the lifetime of such equipment.On the other hand, in terms of electric motors, the new standards have already imposed minimum efficiency increase
There are possible a few ways to increase the efficiency of electrical motors and it will be mentioned some of them: the use of new materials, reducing the electrical and magnetic loads or the utilization of new constructive solutions
In order to obtain starting torque different design solutions are used: the realization of pole shoes with some notches or achieving a tapered air gap, the utilization of the rotor with some additional permanent magnets [1], [2], [4], [9]; all these constructive solutions in order to impose to the rotor a preset rest position, so the PM magnetic field axis to be unaligned with the axis of stator winding
Summary
Increasing the performance of electrical equipment is a global priority, knowing that electrical power consumption is the most important cost over the lifetime of such equipment. There are possible a few ways to increase the efficiency of electrical motors and it will be mentioned some of them: the use of new materials, reducing the electrical and magnetic loads or the utilization of new constructive solutions (new types of motors). For low power drives, that do not require speed control, are used some motors with special construction. These motors must be cheap and to provide a high efficiency.
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