Abstract
This study aimed to establish the culture process for the cost-effective production of prodigiosin (PG) from demineralized crab shell powder (de-CSP), a fishery processing byproduct created via fermentation. Among the tested PG-producing strains, Serratia marcescens TNU02 was demonstrated to be the most active strain. Various ratios of protein/de-CSP were used as the sources of C/N for PG biosynthesis. The PG yield was significantly enhanced when the casein/de-CSP ratio was controlled in the range of 3/7 to 4/6. TNU02 produced PG with a high yield (5100 mg/L) in a 15 L bioreactor system containing 4.5 L of a newly-designed liquid medium containing 1.6% C/N source (protein/de-CSP ratio of 3/7), 0.02% (NH4)2SO4, 0.1% K2HPO4, and an initial pH of 6.15, at 27 °C for 8 h in dark conditions. The red pigment was purified from the culture broth and then quantified as being PG by specific Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and UV spectra analysis. The purified PG demonstrated moderate antioxidant and effective inhibition against four cancerous cell lines. Notably, this study was the first to report on using crab wastes for PG bioproduction with high-level productivity (5100 mg/L) in a large scale (4.5 L per pilot) in a short period of fermentation time (8 h). The salt compositions, including (NH4)2SO4 and K2HPO4, were also a novel finding for the enhancement of PG yield by S. marcescens in this report.
Highlights
Crab shells, a marine chitin waste that can be abundantly obtained from fishery processing byproducts, have been used for the production of various bioactive products, including chitin [1,2,3], enzymes [4], coagulants [5] antioxidants [6], and anti-cancer components [7]
We investigated the use of crab shells for the production of the active medical compound prodigiosin
[29,30,31] and Recently, we found that the addition of chitin to the medium has a significant effect on enhancing PG yield in the culture broth and that α-chitin has a better effect compared to β-chitin [32]
Summary
A marine chitin waste that can be abundantly obtained from fishery processing byproducts, have been used for the production of various bioactive products, including chitin [1,2,3], enzymes [4], coagulants [5] antioxidants [6], and anti-cancer components [7]. Crab shells are used in Portland cement matrices [8]. This material has been used for the bioproduction of anti-diabetic agents [9]. We investigated the use of crab shells for the production of the active medical compound prodigiosin. Mar. Drugs 2020, 18, 523; doi:10.3390/md18110523 www.mdpi.com/journal/marinedrugs
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