Utility of Stereoelectroencephalography in Children with Dysembryoplastic Neuroepithelial Tumor and Cortical Malformation

Abstract

ABSTRACTBackground: Uncontrolled seizures in children can contribute to irreversible cognitive impairment and developmental delay, in addition to placing them at risk for sudden unexplained death in epileptic patients (SUDEP). Since its introduction at Saint Ann Hospital in Paris in the 1960s, stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) is increasingly being utilized at epilepsy centers in the United States as an invasive tool to help localize the seizure focus in drug-resistant focal epilepsy.Indications: Children with symptomatic epilepsy, commonly due to cortical dysplasia and dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor (DNET), may benefit from SEEG investigation. The arrangement of SEEG electrodes is individually tailored based on the suspected location of the epileptogenic zone (EZ). The implanted depth electrodes are used to electrically stimulate the corresponding cortices to obtain information about the topography of eloquent cortex and EZ.Morbidity: Surgical morbidity in these children undergoing SEEG investigation is low, but not negligible. The number of electrodes directly correlates with the risk of intraoperative complication. Thus a risk and benefit analysis needs to be carefully considered for each patient.Neurodiagnostic technology: Both during and after the SEEG electrode implantation, the intraoperative monitoring and EEG technologists play a vital role in the successful monitoring of the patient.Conclusion: SEEG is an important tool in the process of epilepsy surgery in children with symptomatic epilepsy, commonly due to cortical dysplasia and DNET.