Utility and Drawbacks of Biomarkers in Diagnosis of Invasive Aspergillosis in Critically Ill Patients.

Abstract

Background: Hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients, patients with hematological malignancies, and individuals experiencing neutropenia after anti-cancer medication are at high risk of developing invasive aspergillosis (IA). Furthermore, IA is being seen more frequently in different groups of people, including those receiving solid organ transplants, individuals with solid tumors or autoimmune disorders, and patients in intensive care units. High death rates are linked to diagnostic delays. The purpose of this study is to give a summary of the available data regarding the effectiveness of various tests of biomarkers and to talk about their benefits, limitations, and interpretation in a range of patient categories. Methods: We searched the published English language literature using MEDLINE and EMBASE databases from January 2010 to October 2023. All studies about biomarker testing for the diagnosis of IA were included in the review. Results: As valuable supplementary instruments for the early identification of IA, biomarker detection tests may play a part in the diagnosis of IA and tracking treatment response. Nevertheless, there are differences between patient populations and these biomarkers’ sensitivity and specificity are not at their best. So, biomarker testing should be targeted at the right population and the right situation to offer the optional benefit in the approach of IA diagnosis and management. Conclusion: Within the context of various clinical samples (serum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, cerebrospinal fluid), as well as distinct patient groups (once-hematological patients, recipients of solid organ transplants, and other patients at risk of IA), this review examines the importance, clinical utility and drawbacks of biomarkers testing for the diagnosis of IA in the critically ill patients.