Abstract

Abstract Utilitarianism is a form of consequentialism. Consequentialism stipulates that the moral rightness of an act depends exclusively on the value of that act's consequences or on the consequences of following rules requiring similar acts. Utilitarian consequentialism is hedonistic in turn, holding that the value of an act or rule's consequences depends only on the pleasure or pain in those consequences. Utilitarian consequentialism is, in addition, typically maximizing insofar as moral rightness depends on the consequences with the most pleasure and least pain. Finally, utilitarian consequentialism presupposes equal consideration and agent‐neutrality, namely that everyone's pleasures and pains matter equally and that the perspective of the agent doing the action is normatively irrelevant. Needless to say, utilitarian versions of consequentialism have come in a variety of permutations, each reformulated in response to old and new criticisms.

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