Abstract
Simple SummaryThis study was conducted with the aim of determining the frequency of morphological defects in feline embryos, their competence to reach the blastocyst stage, and their ability to hatch. Embryonic morphological disorders affect development potential, and the use of time lapse monitoring (TLM) guarantees the precise observation of any changes that occur during in vitro embryo development.Some human, bovine, and mouse in vitro fertilized (IVF) embryos with morphokinetic abnormalities such as fragmentation, direct cleavage, and cytoplasmic vacuoles have the potential to reach the blastocyst stage, which is related to a high potential for implantation. The latest techniques of embryo development observation to enable the evaluation and selection of embryos are based on time lapse monitoring (TLM). The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of morphological defects in feline embryos, their competence to reach the blastocyst stage, and their ability to hatch. Oocyte-cumulus complexes were isolated after the scarification of ovaries and matured in vitro. Matured oocytes were fertilized in vitro by capacitated spermatozoa. Randomly selected oocytes were observed by TLM for seven-to-eight days. Out of 76 developed embryos, 41 were morphologically normal, of which 15 reached the blastocyst stage. Of 35 abnormally developed embryos, 17 reached the blastocyst stage, of which six had single aberrations and 11 had multiple aberrations. The hatching rate (%) was 15.6% in normally cleaving embryos, 6.25% in embryos with single aberrations, and 3.33% in those with multiple aberrations. The present study reports the first results, found by using TLM, about the frequency of the morphological defects of feline embryos, their competence to reach the blastocyst stage, and their ability to hatch.
Highlights
According to the literature, some human, bovine, and mouse in vitro fertilized (IVF) embryos with morphokinetic abnormalities, such as fragmentation and direct cleavage, from one-to-three or two-to-five blastomeres or cytoplasmic vacuoles are able to reach the blastocyst stage
The latest techniques for observing embryo development are based on time lapse monitoring (TLM)
The use of TLM enables the evaluation and selection of those embryos with the highest potential for development, which has a positive effect on efficiency of in vitro fertilization and, as a consequence, the pregnancy rate [4,5]
Summary
Some human, bovine, and mouse in vitro fertilized (IVF) embryos with morphokinetic abnormalities, such as fragmentation and direct cleavage, from one-to-three or two-to-five blastomeres or cytoplasmic vacuoles are able to reach the blastocyst stage. It should be Animals 2020, 10, 3; doi:10.3390/ani10010003 www.mdpi.com/journal/animals. The use of TLM enables the evaluation and selection of those embryos with the highest potential for development, which has a positive effect on efficiency of in vitro fertilization and, as a consequence, the pregnancy rate [4,5]. Embryo cleavage from one-to-three blastomeres all at once or from two-to-three blastomeres less than five hours between divisions is defined as “direct cleavage” [7,9]
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