Abstract
The paper analyzes options of using smart meters for power flow calculation and for assessing the state of a real three-phase four-wire secondary distribution network based on measurements of average values of active and reactive power and of voltages. The work is based on the authors’ research on allocation of measurements to ensure secondary distribution network observability and on selection of the most efficient method for linear and non-linear state estimation. The paper illustrates solution of a problem on identification composition of load nodes in the phases and reveals challenges related to voltage account in the neutral wire and in its grounding.
Highlights
The first experience in studying the operation conditions of primary and secondary distribution networks (DN) of medium and low voltage consisted in calculation of energy losses using the deterministic method [1] whose efficiency was confirmed by numerous practical calculations
Total produced power was determined using power supplied to the primary network that was distributed in proportion to the rated power of secondary transformers and adjusted with account of power losses in transformers and in the primary network
A primary network was modeled using a single-line equivalent circuit, and a three-phase four-wire equivalent circuit proposed in [2] was used for the secondary network that allowed power flow calculation in the phase coordinates
Summary
The first experience in studying the operation conditions of primary and secondary distribution networks (DN) of medium and low voltage consisted in calculation of energy losses using the deterministic method [1] whose efficiency was confirmed by numerous practical calculations. As current in the neutral wire effects phase voltages, groundings and asymmetry loads have an impact on the operation condition of an electric network. These meters allow measurements of average values of active and reactive power, magnitudes of currents and voltages These measurements are used for state estimation of a secondary distribution network and ensure its gradual transition from a passive network to an active one. Data on connection of loads to feeder phases is of primary importance and, as a rule, needs special study This information is needed for modeling each phase of a distribution network, for determining the composition of load nodes in it and for specifying the measured values of power and voltage in the nodes for further calculation of power flows, power losses, and for state estimation
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