Abstract
Simple SummaryJohne’s disease (JD) is caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) and is an important and emerging problem in livestock. Most JD research has been carried out on cattle, but interest in the pathogenesis and diagnosis of this disease in sheep and goats is greatest in developing countries. Sheep and goats are also a relevant part of livestock production in Europe and Australia, and these species provide an excellent resource to study and better understand the mechanism of survival of MAP and gain insights into possible approaches to control this disease. This review gives an overview of the literature on paratuberculosis in sheep and goats, highlighting the immunological aspects and the potential for “omics” approaches to identify effective biomarkers for the early detection of infection. Johne’s disease (JD) is caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) and is an important and emerging problem in livestock; therefore, its control and prevention is a priority to reduce economic losses and health risks. Most JD research has been carried out on cattle, but interest in the pathogenesis and diagnosis of this disease in sheep and goats is greatest in developing countries. Sheep and goats are also a relevant part of livestock production in Europe and Australia, and these species provide an excellent resource to study and better understand the mechanism of survival of MAP and gain insights into possible approaches to control this disease. This review gives an overview of the literature on paratuberculosis in sheep and goats, highlighting the immunological aspects and the potential for “omics” approaches to identify effective biomarkers for the early detection of infection. As JD has a long incubation period before the disease becomes evident, early diagnosis is important to control the spread of the disease.
Highlights
This review will focus on Johne’s resistance (Figure 1). This objective will be aided by using omics for improved diagnosis disease (JD) in sheep and goats, a disease caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies of specific infection-based targets or markers to assist selection
Johne’s disease (JD) in sheep and goats, a disease caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis, and will consider omics approaches for its diagnosis
The results showed that the passage of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) through bovine epithelial cells increases the synthesis of integrins allowing a more efficient translocation of the bacterium
Summary
Disease control depends on the accuracy and timeliness of diagnosis, Animals 2021, 11, 1912 management practices, including nutrition, housing, and breeding. Latestastechnologies and selective breeding approaches to improve disease resistance. This objective willdiseases be aided using omics improvedisdiagnosis application of the latest technologies and selective breeding approaches to improve disease infection-based targets or markers to assist selection. This review will focus on Johne’s resistance (Figure 1) This objective will be aided by using omics for improved diagnosis disease (JD) in sheep and goats, a disease caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies of specific infection-based targets or markers to assist selection. This review will focus on paratuberculosis, and will consider omics approaches for its diagnosis. Johne’s disease (JD) in sheep and goats, a disease caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis, and will consider omics approaches for its diagnosis.
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