Abstract
The article reviews the problem of landing on hard-to-reach and poorly developed territories, especially in the case of unmanned aerial vehicles. Various landing systems and approaches are analyzed, and their key advantages and disadvantages are summarized; afterwards, an approach with passive reflectors is considered. A formal definition is provided for the main factors relative to the accuracy analysis, and a model is presented. The way to improve the landing procedure, while simultaneously meeting various practical constraints, is analyzed; the results of numerical simulation are presented, followed by the detailed conclusion describing still remaining challenges and subjects for further research.
Highlights
Such a high level of accidents is due to the complexity of controlling the aircraft during landing [1], information and psychological overloads of the pilot controlling the landing procedure [2], and the need to simultaneously comply with a large number of restrictions [3]
The advantage of such systems is the simplicity of the information landing equipment onboard the aircraft, which should only determine the deviation of the aircraft from the reference trajectory in the vertical and horizontal planes
Consider the described landing system’s effectiveness on a specific example of landing an aircraft-type unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) along a trajectory, which the horizontal and vertical sections shown in Figure 8 and the course difference defined as the difference in the y-coordinate
Summary
Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) shows that about 70% of them occur during landing Such a high level of accidents is due to the complexity of controlling the aircraft during landing [1], information and psychological overloads of the pilot (operator) controlling the landing procedure [2], and the need to simultaneously comply with a large number of restrictions [3]. The combination of all the above features determined the need to strengthen the automation of the landing process, and the development of special automatic landing systems [9,10] These solutions mainly took place along the way of creating ground-based radio landing equipment, based on the course–glide–landing control systems by radio beam [11] (radio zones). The advantage of such systems is the simplicity of the information landing equipment onboard the aircraft, which should only determine the deviation of the aircraft from the reference trajectory in the vertical and horizontal planes
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