Using geographic information systems in urban planning and policy-making

Abstract

In this chapter, we discuss the various ways in which the emergent technology of geographic information systems (GIS) can best be utilized within the urban planning process. One of the major difficulties of developing effective integration between GIS and the functions of the planning process involves the comparative crudity of the present array of functions within GIS when compared with those functions which are required in urban planning. We first present typical GIS functions and discuss their comparative crudity, and then we illustrate the sorts of functions which are necessary to the urban planning process in the form of models and spatial analytic techniques. This serves to identify the functions which GISs require if they are to be used most effectively within planning. The rational planning process used to organize these functions is outlined and the ways in which the various phases and functions are influenced and influence the use of GIS noted. Different ways in which computer models might be embedded in GIS and into planning processes are defined and the conditions under which these different strategies can be employed are noted. We conclude the chapter with some speculations concerning the future of GIS and computer technology more generally within the planning process.