Abstract
Experiments were performed investigating citronella (Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt) as a repellent to honeybee Apis mellifera (L.) (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in Egypt, it was conducted in laboratory in the Department of Entomology and Pesticides Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, to check long-term survival of honeybee when exposed to different nano insecticides alone or combined with citronella at the same examination box for each. In this study, we used a modeling approach regarding survival data of caged worker bees under chronic exposure to four insecticides (Chloropyrophos, Nano-chloropyrophos Imidacloprid, Nano-Imidacloprid) each of them was supplemented in a box alone and in combination with citronella. Having three replicates and five concentrations (100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 ppm). Laboratory bioassay of these insecticides showed that chloropyrophos and nano chloropyrophos were the most toxic at their high dose (500 ppm) with LT50 of 120.98 and 122.02 followed by 132.14 and 136.5 minutes for Imidacloprid and Nano-Imidacloprid, respectively. No consumption occurred by bees to mixed sugar syrup with insecticides in all treatments when citronella was added. These data highly recommended that adding citronella is very effective when nicotinoid pesticides are used to longevity honeybee life and keep bee safe.
Highlights
A lot of reports suggesting that exposure to citronella odor repel honeybees (Malerbo-Souza and Nogueira-Couto 2004; Abramson et al, 1999a, Abramson and Aquino 2002a, b; Aquino et al, 2004)
Experiments were performed investigating citronella (Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt) as a repellent to honeybee Apis mellifera (L.) (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in Egypt, it was conducted in laboratory in the Department of Entomology and Pesticides Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, to check long-term survival of honeybee when exposed to different nano insecticides alone or combined with citronella at the same examination box for each
These data highly recommended that adding citronella is very effective when nicotinoid pesticides are used to longevity honeybee life and keep bee safe
Summary
A lot of reports suggesting that exposure to citronella odor repel honeybees (Malerbo-Souza and Nogueira-Couto 2004; Abramson et al, 1999a, Abramson and Aquino 2002a, b; Aquino et al, 2004). The ability of citronella odor to repel honeybee under laboratory conditions was tested. Attention has focused on neonicotinoid pesticides like imidacloprid, which can impair individual and colony fitness at even sublethal doses (Desneux et al, 2007; Goulson, 2013; Henry et al, 2012; Sanchez-Bayo, 2011). This study refers to using citronella could be very effective especially when we use nicotinoides pesticides, in order to repel bee and keep them safe
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