Using big data to analyze how and why users value urban blue spaces in Spain

Abstract

One of the objectives outlined in the 2030 Agenda is to make cities and human settlements more inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable (Goal 11). This study analyzed the ratings (quantitative data), and opinions (qualitative data) of over half a million Google Maps reviews to discern how urban blue spaces (beaches and inland blue spaces) and green spaces (parks and ornamental gardens) were valued by users and the reasons behind their ratings, with a specific emphasis on the role played by the presence of water in these environments. The main findings indicated a more positive rating for blue spaces than green spaces. In addition, the qualitative analysis showed that aesthetic values were the most commented upon and appreciated feature of these spaces, followed by aspects related to physical activity, social interactions, relaxation, air quality, biodiversity, and those associated with the conservation and cleanliness of these spaces. These findings align with those from previous studies, suggesting a higher preference for blue spaces and a greater willingness to pay for houses and hotel rooms offering views of water.