Using an ionomer as a size regulator in γ-radiation induced synthesis of Ag nanocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction in alkaline solution

Abstract

Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs) are among the most promising candidates to replace Pt as the catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs). However, synthesizing size-controlled Ag NPs with efficient catalytic performance is still challenging. Herein, uniform Ag NPs are produced through a γ-radiation induced synthesis route in aqueous solutions, using the ionomer PTPipQ100 as both an efficient size regulator in the synthesis and a conductor of hydroxide ions during the ORR process. The origin of the size control is mainly attributed to the affinity of the ionomer to metallic silver. The resulting Ag NPs covered with ionomer layers can be applied as model catalysts for ORR. The nanoparticles that were prepared using 320 ppm ionomer in the reaction solution turned out to be coated with a ∼ 1 nm thick ionomer layer and exhibited superior ORR activity as compared to other Ag NPs of similar size studied here. The improved electrocatalytic performance can be attributed to the optimal ionomer coverage that enables fast oxygen diffusion, as well as interactions at the Ag-ionomer interface which promote the desorption of OH intermediates from the Ag surface. This work demonstrates the advantage of using an ionomer as the capping agent to produce efficient ORR catalysts.