Abstract
With the penetration of renewable energy sources based distributed generation (RES-DG) in the distribution network (DN), the operating time of protection relays becomes a major concern to avoid the mis-coordination and nuisance tripping of RES-DG. It is due to the bidirectional flow of current, variance in the fault current level, i.e. high fault current in case of Squirrel cage induction generator (SCIG) based RES-DG, and low fault current for an inverter-based RES-DGs. This paper proposes a novel User-defined dual setting direction overcurrent relay with hybrid time current-voltage (UDDOR-TCV) characteristics to intensify the proposed scheme’s flexibility without any communication assistance for radial DN. The proposed model is formulated in a constrained non-linear optimization fashion and solved with the MINLP solver of general algebraic modelling system(GAMS) software to determine the optimal relay settings. The propounded protection scheme is simulated on IEEE-33 bus radial distribution system and a local 40-bus system hosting the multiple SCIG and PV based RES-DGs at optimal locations. Detailed numerical studies are carried out to show the performance of the proposed scheme. 66.848% and 68.26% reduction in relay operation time with zero mis-coordination is achieved with SCIG-WTG case and PV-units case for the IEEE-33 bus system and a similar reduction in operation time is 68.937% and 66.563% for Local-40 bus system. Moreover, the relays numbers are reduced by 32.692% and 39.7% for IEEE-33 and Local-40 bus systems, respectively, due to the forward/reverse characteristics capability of the proposed UDDOR-TCV. The performance of the proposed scheme is also evaluated on IEEE-8 bus meshed DN. The results are compared with the existing protection schemes in recent literature.
Highlights
Renewable energy source based DGs (RES-DGs) such as wind turbine Generator (WTG) and Photovoltaic (PV) have been increased in the distribution network (DN) due to their low-cost green energy production and low maintenance [1].The associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Padmanabh Thakur .Some renewable energy sources based distributed generation (RES-DG) such as the synchronous generator, squirrel cage induction generator (SCIG), and doubly fed SCIG based WTG can be directly connected to the DN
In the case of same fault with a double setting directional overcurrent relays (DOCR) (DS-DOCR) as shown in Fig. 2(b), R1 operates in the forward direction (R1fw) as the primary relay and R2 operates in the reverse direction (R2rev) to provide the backup protection
The proposed scheme is evaluated with two standard radial distribution networks: the IEEE-33 bus system and the local-40 bus system
Summary
Renewable energy source based DGs (RES-DGs) such as wind turbine Generator (WTG) and Photovoltaic (PV) have been increased in the distribution network (DN) due to their low-cost green energy production and low maintenance [1].The associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Padmanabh Thakur .Some RES-DG such as the synchronous generator, squirrel cage induction generator (SCIG), and doubly fed SCIG based WTG can be directly connected to the DN. This paper presents a user-defined dual setting direction overcurrent relay with hybrid time and current-voltage characteristics (UDDOR-TCV) protection scheme for the radial distribution system. In the case of same fault with a DS-DOCR as shown, R1 operates in the forward direction (R1fw) as the primary relay and R2 operates in the reverse direction (R2rev) to provide the backup protection.
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