Abstract
To support a vast number of devices with less energy consumption, we propose a new user association and power control scheme for machine to machine enabled heterogeneous networks with non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA), where a mobile user (MU) acting as a machine-type communication gateway can decode and forward both the information of machine-type communication devices and its own data to the base station (BS) directly. MU association and power control are jointly considered in the formulated as optimization problem for energy efficiency (EE) maximization under the constraints of minimum data rate requirements of MUs. A many-to-one MU association matching algorithm is firstly proposed based on the theory of matching game. By taking swap matching operations among MUs, BSs, and sub-channels, the original problem can be solved by dealing with the EE maximization for each sub-channel. Then, two power control algorithms are proposed, where the tools of sequential optimization, fractional programming, and exhaustive search have been employed. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate the optimality properties of our algorithms under different parameter settings.
Highlights
The increase of smartphones, laptops, and other mobile devices as well as data-hungry applications, need huge demands for ubiquitous coverage and very high data rates in cellular networks
The effectiveness of our proposed mobile user (MU) association and power control algorithms in M2M-enabled heterogeneous networks (HetNets) with non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) was demonstrated by Monte Carlo simulations
It is worth noting that even though MTC devices (MTCDs) have lower data rate and transmit power, they can have a strong influence on the overall uplink EE with their massive number
Summary
The increase of smartphones, laptops, and other mobile devices as well as data-hungry applications, need huge demands for ubiquitous coverage and very high data rates in cellular networks. Joint base station association and power control optimization algorithms were proposed based on coalition formation games and interior-point method in [24], but sub-channel allocation and fractional equation for EE maximization had not been considered. The trend of more and more intensive network deployment motivates us to deploy M2M-enabled NOMA in the scenarios with multi-tier HetNets and new resource allocation needs to be considered with the non-convexity caused by inter-cell interference in HetNets. We focus on the uplink EE maximization via user association and power control for M2M-enabled HetNets using NOMA. In this scenario, one macro base station (MBS) is located in the cell center.
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