Use of Tramadol Drip in Controlling Renal Colic Pain

Abstract

Although the continuous perfusion of antispasmodic drugs has been the traditional mainstay in the treatment of renal colic, the results more often than not are unsatisfactory. Our hypothesis was that a continuous intravenous (IV) drip of tramadol would be an effective and safe alternative. In this prospective study, 300 patients with renal colic were randomized into four treatment groups, single blind for the patients. At the start, all received an anti-inflammatory drug intramuscularly and an antiemetic and antispasmodic IV. Group A was given the classical IV antispasmodic perfusion combined with a sham drip. Group B received the classical antispasmodic perfusion in combination with a tramadol drip. Group C had a sham perfusion and drip. Group D received a sham perfusion and tramadol drip. There was no significant difference in the degree of pain between the groups on a visual analog scale (VAS) at the start. The pain was scored again on the VAS at 30 minutes, 1 hour, and 4 hours after the start of the treatment and at IV urography. Side effects, as well as the need for rescue medication, were registered. Both tramadol groups scored significantly better after 60 and 240 minutes and during IV urography (P < 0.005). There was a significant decrease in VAS in group B after 30 minutes. The tramadol groups needed significantly less rescue medication (P = 0.001). There was no significant difference in the reported side effects. The combination spasmolytic-tramadol drip scored the best, although the difference was not statistically significant. We consider our hypothesis proved that a continuous tramadol drip is a safe and valuable analgesic regimen in renal colic.