USE OF THE NETWORK METHOD OF PLANNING INNOVATIVE PROCESSES IN THE CREATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF NEW TECHNOLOGY

Abstract

The article deals with the theoretical and methodological issues of planning innovative processes, which are carried out mainly with the help of linear (or tape) Gantt charts and network methods. Linear graphs, as a rule, reflect the process of creation and development of new technology (SNT) in a time scale by its main stages or stages. At the same time, where possible, parallel-serial or parallel execution of works (stages) is provided. Linear graphs are characterized by the following disadvantages: conventionality in defining general terms of development; impossibility of establishing the importance of each of the works to achieve the final goal; difficulties in making corrections in connection with forced downtimes and postponements for separate related works; impossibility of multivariate forecasting; difficulties with the automation of planning and accounting work. These shortcomings are largely eliminated by the use of network planning and management (NMP) systems. This system is a complex of graphic and calculation methods, organizational measures and control methods that provide modeling, analysis and dynamic restructuring of the execution plan of complex projects. SPU is one of the methods of the cybernetic approach to the management of complex dynamic systems with the aim of ensuring the determined optimal indicators, for example, the minimum time for completing the entire set of works or the minimum cost of development. Realization of NTP achievements in the creation, production and operation of new equipment increases its efficiency and competitiveness in comparison with the used equipment. On the other hand, the continuity of NTP and the acceleration of its pace shorten the period of effectiveness of specific models of equipment and reduce their total economic effect, and accordingly, their competitiveness during the period of use. This reveals the relationship between the economic efficiency of new technology and its moral wear. This form of influence of NTP on the economic efficiency of new technology makes the time factor one of the most important. A loss in time can reduce to zero the effectiveness of the most advanced technical means at the time of development. For an earlier entry into the market, it is especially important to shorten the period of creation and mastery of production of a new model and the period of mastery of its design release.