Use of Statins after Bone Osteotomy and Augmentation and their Antibacterial Effect: Narrative Review of Literature

Abstract

Statins, a class of cholesterol-loweringdrugs, have been investigated for their potential benefits in oral surgery, particularly in bone osteotomy and augmentation procedures. Recent studies suggest that statins may stimulate bone formation and enhance the osseointegration of dental implants. This review examines the current evidence on the effects of statins on bone osteotomy and augmentation in oral surgery. The available data indicates that while patients with a history of bisphosphonate use may not face a higher risk of dental implant failure or marginal bone loss, they may be more susceptible to bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw. Further research is needed to fully elucidate the impact of antiresorptive drugs, including statins, on dental implant outcomes and to identify optimal strategies for managing patients undergoing oral surgical procedures. The practice of fixed bridges and partial prosthesis can be and are iatrogenic to the existing teeth and bone. Dental implants have become a viable treatment option when there is sufficient quantity and quality of bone to achieve the desired functional and esthetic results. Horizontal ridge augmentation and contextual implant placement with a resorbable membrane and particulate grafting material can be used to reconstruct three-dimensional atrophic edentulous areas of the jaws, allowing for correct implant positioning and avoiding mechanical and prosthetic failures. The reduction in bone volume has many etiologies, including periodontal disease, pneumatization of the maxillary sinus, long-term ill-fitting dentures, and the general progression of osteoporosis with aging. Interestingly, recent studies suggest that statins, a class of cholesterol-lowering drugs, may have a positive effect on bone osteotomy and augmentation in oral surgery. Statins have been found to stimulate bone formation and enhance the osseointegration of dental implants.