Abstract
The spawning habitat of twaite shad comprises a fast-flowing shallow area of unconsolidated gravel/pebble and/or cobble substrate. The River Habitat Survey flow types « smooth flow », « rippled flow » and « unbroken standing waves » were significantly (P < 0.05) associated with the presence or absence of shad eggs. The presence of eggs was significantly associated with the higher energy flow types « rippled flow » and « unbroken standing waves », and the absence of eggs was significantly associated with the lower energy flow type « smooth flow ».
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