Use of Polycaprolactone Electrospun Nanofibers as a Coating for Poly(methyl methacrylate) Bone Cement.

Morshed Khandaker,Tracy Morris,Shahram Riahinezhad,Melville Vaughan,Harsha Jamadagni,Alexis Coles

doi:10.3390/nano7070175

Morshed Khandaker, Tracy Morris + Show 4 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/nano7070175

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Journal: Nanomaterials	Publication Date: Jul 10, 2017
Citations: 16	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: University of Central Oklahoma

Abstract

Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) bone cement has limited biocompatibility. Polycaprolactone (PCL) electrospun nanofiber (ENF) has many applications in the biomedical field due to its excellent biocompatibility and degradability. The effect of coating PCL ENF on the surface topography, biocompatibility, and mechanical strength of PMMA bone cement is not currently known. This study is based on the hypothesis that the PCL ENF coating on PMMA will increase PMMA roughness leading to increased biocompatibility without influencing its mechanical properties. This study prepared PMMA samples without and with the PCL ENF coating, which were named the control and ENF coated samples. This study determined the effects on the surface topography and cytocompatibility (osteoblast cell adhesion, proliferation, mineralization, and protein adsorption) properties of each group of PMMA samples. This study also determined the bending properties (strength, modulus, and maximum deflection at fracture) of each group of PMMA samples from an American Society of Testing Metal (ASTM) standard three-point bend test. This study found that the ENF coating on PMMA significantly improved the surface roughness and cytocompatibility properties of PMMA (p < 0.05). This study also found that the bending properties of ENF-coated PMMA samples were not significantly different when compared to those values of the control PMMA samples (p > 0.05). Therefore, the PCL ENF coating technique should be further investigated for its potential in clinical applications.

Highlights

Cemented fixation of an implant, used for both osteoporotic and osteoarthritic bone diseases, requires bone cement to hold the implant in place
A clearly visible difference in surface topography was observed from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (Figure 1) and confocal microscope images (Figure 2) between the control and electrospun nanofiber (ENF) coated Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) samples
The overlapping of multiple fibers was observed in the ENF coated PMMA samples (Figure 1b)

Summary

Introduction

Cemented fixation of an implant, used for both osteoporotic and osteoarthritic bone diseases, requires bone cement to hold the implant in place. An ideal cementing material for cemented surgeries should have surface energy and mechanical interlock to ensure a long-lasting fixation between the implant-cement and the cement-bone interfaces [1,2,3,4]. The critical task for creating a long lasting tissue-implant interface resides in achieving the functional integration to mimic the native tissue-tissue failure response [5]. Since bone cement is a bio-inert material, in the case of the natural tissue-cement interface in a cemented joint, the joining of cement with bone is achieved by mechanical interlock. The goal of this research is to increase the osseointegration at the tissue-cement interface by improving the bioactivity of cement so that it will mimic the native tissue-tissue failure response under functional loading

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