Abstract
Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is an autologous material used to improve bone regeneration when associated with bone grafts. It affects tissue angiogenesis, increasing the healing process and, theoretically, presenting potential to increase bone neoformation. The aim of this study was to verify, histomorphometrically, the effects of the association of PRF to a xenograft. Twelve adult white New Zealand rabbits were randomly assigned into two groups containing six animals each. After general anesthesia of the animals, two critical defects of 12 mm were created in the rabbit calvaria, one on each side of the sagittal line. Each defect was filled with the following biomaterials: in the control group (CG), xenograft hydrated with saline solution filling one defect and xenograft hydrated with saline solution covered with collagen membrane on the other side; in the test group (TG), xenograft associated with PRF filling the defect of one side and xenograft associated with PRF covered with collagen membrane on the other side. After eight weeks the animals were euthanized and a histomorphometric analysis was performed. The results showed that in the sites that were covered with collagen membrane, there was no statistically significant difference for all the analyzed parameters. However, when comparing the groups without membrane coverage, a statistically significant difference could be observed for the vital mineralized tissue (VMT) and nonmineralized tissue (NMT) parameters, with more VMT in the test group and more NMT in the control group. Regarding the intragroup comparison, the use of the membrane coverage presented significant outcomes in both groups. Therefore, in this experimental model, PRF did not affect the levels of bone formation when a membrane coverage technique was used. However, higher levels of bone formation were observed in the test group when membrane coverage was not used.
Highlights
Among the determining conditions for implant placement in their ideal prosthetic position, the presence of sufficient bone volume is still a determining factor for surgeons [1,2]
When comparing the groups without membrane coverage, a statistically significant difference could be observed for the vital mineralized tissue (VMT) and nonmineralized tissue (NMT) parameters, with more VMT in the test group and more NMT in the control group
Some highly cellularized biological tissues, such as fresh and centrifuged bone marrow, as well as bone marrow and adipose tissue stem cells, have been associated with xenogeneic bone grafts to analyze the amount of vital mineralized tissue (VMT), that is, the newly formed bone, in experimental animal models—models of critical defects in rabbit calvaria, similar methodology to that used in this study [7,8,17]
Summary
Among the determining conditions for implant placement in their ideal prosthetic position, the presence of sufficient bone volume is still a determining factor for surgeons [1,2] In such cases where this volume is insufficient, procedures for bone tissue reconstruction have been described in the literature with satisfactory results by guided bone regeneration technique or onlay block bone. The presence of viable bone cells is mandatory and, if the recipient bed cannot provide these cells to the graft material, it must contain viable bone cells by itself [3]. The amount of tissue available in the donor region and the quality can significantly influence the final outcome of the reconstruction [4] Due to these factors, the search for substitute materials that could conduct bone formation has increased significantly
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