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Abstract
Organic-rich waste and industrial by-product streams, generated in enormous amounts on a daily basis, contain substantial amounts of nutrients that are worthy of recovery. Biological conversion of organic-waste streams using filamentous fungi is a promising approach to convert nutrients into value-added bioproducts, such as fungal biomass. High-protein fungal biomass contains different kinds and levels of amino acids, fatty acids, immunostimulants, antioxidants, pigments, etc., which make it a potential choice for application in animal feed supplementation. Considering the challenges long faced by the aquaculture industry in fishmeal production due to the increasing prices and environmental concerns, the aquaculture industry is forced to provide alternative protein-rich sources to replace conventional fishmeal. In this review, the possibilities of utilization of filamentous fungi biomass cultivated on organic-rich waste streams, as an alternative nutrient source in fish feed, were thoroughly reviewed.
Highlights
As a consequence of population growth and changes in living standards, various industries have grown in production size to meet the demands
This review investigates the possibilities of applying filamentous fungi biomass cultivated on organic-rich waste and by-product streams as a fish feed supplement
The application of filamentous fungi biomass as a potential replacement to fishmeal and nutritional supplement to fish feed can remediate some of the shortcomings confronted in the advancement of the fish aquaculture industry
Summary
As a consequence of population growth and changes in living standards, various industries have grown in production size to meet the demands. Fungal biomass cultivated on various low-value waste and by-product streams can be one of the most promising supplements to fish feed [20,21]. This review investigates the possibilities of applying filamentous fungi biomass cultivated on organic-rich waste and by-product streams as a fish feed supplement. In this regard, the potential of filamentous fungi in recovering nutrients from waste streams is evaluated, and desirable nutritional characteristics of fungal biomass that make them good candidates for fishmeal replacement are assessed. Further information regarding the nutritional requirements of fish are thoroughly discussed in this review (Figure 1)
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