Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the prevalence of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) consumption immediately before, during and immediately after three mountain ultra-endurance runs that differed in their course distance. This observational study took place at the Ultra Mallorca Serra de Tramuntana (Mallorca, Spain), an ultra-endurance mountain event with runners participating either in a 112-km (Ultra, n = 58), a 67-km (Trail, n = 118) or a 44-km (Marathon, n = 62) run competition. Participants in the study answered, within an hour after finishing the competition, a questionnaire focused mainly on NSAIDs consumption. Among study participants, 48.3% reported taking NSAIDs at least for one of the time-points considered: before, during and/or immediately after the competition, with more positive responses (having taken medication) found for the Ultra (60.3%) than for the Trail (49.2%) and the Marathon (35.5%). Among consumers, the Ultra participants reported the lowest intake before and the highest during the race, while participants in the Marathon reported similar consumption levels before and during the race. In conclusion, a high prevalence of NSAID consumption was found among athletes participating in an ultra-endurance mountain event. Competition duration seemed to determine both the prevalence and the chronological pattern of NSAID consumption.
Highlights
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly utilised in sports medicine because of their known anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic and antithrombotic effects [1]
It has been reported that NSAID use during endurance exercise is associated with gastrointestinal problems [7], and with increased incidence of hyponatremia [8,9] and with altered renal function [9,10]
The main finding of the present study is the high prevalence of consumption of NSAIDs during the competitions, especially during the Ultra run
Summary
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly utilised in sports medicine because of their known anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic and antithrombotic effects [1]. For all classes of athletes, NSAIDs are one of the most commonly used medications for the treatment of musculoskeletal pain and inflammation [2]. In addition to injury treatment, NSAIDs are used as a prophylactic treatment for anticipated pain as well as to enhance the recovery of injuries sustained during an athletic event [3,4,5]. It is noteworthy that some studies have reported high percentages of NSAID consumption without medical prescription, as well as a low level of awareness about. NSAID side effects [4,6]. It has been reported that NSAID use during endurance exercise is associated with gastrointestinal problems [7], and with increased incidence of hyponatremia [8,9] and with altered renal function [9,10].
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