Abstract
The near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has shown a rapid and accurate technique for evaluation of materials of biological origin. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of the near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy associated to the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for the separation of carbonization processes and identification of the origin of the woods used in the carbonizations. Hence, the charcoal of seven species of Eucalyptus and twenty native species from the Cerrado (savannah) of Minas Gerais, Brazil were investigated. The Eucalyptus wood was carbonized in a laboratory furnace and in a 190 m³ industrial rectangular kilns while the wood of native vegetation was carbonized only under laboratory conditions. The samples were grinded for NIR spectra acquirement. The NIR spectra were analyzed by PCA but no cluster were identified allowing discrimination between charcoal produced from native and from Eucalyptus wood. However, the cluster formed in the PCA when using the first derivative NIR spectra permitted to distinguish charcoal produced in different processes of carbonization. Two groups of data for charcoal produced in the industrial rectangular kilns were also observed, suggesting heterogeneity in the carbonization process.
Highlights
The carbonization of wood is the process of thermal decomposition of wood, occurring in the absence or presence of controlled quantities of oxygen, generating a solid residue called charcoal (WENZL, 1970), and the generation of condensed and noncondensable gases
The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of Near Infrared Spectroscopy associated to the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to discriminate the carbonization processes and identification of the origin of wood used in carbonization
The charcoal used in this work was from Eucalyptus and native species produced by three different carbonization processes, namely: i) unknown - samples of charcoal were obtained from Eucalyptus in local commerce, produced by unknown processes of carbonization; ii) Industrial furnace - fifteen random samples of charcoal were removed from two industrial FR-190 rectangular kilns, which belong to Vallourec & Mannesmann (V&M) Florestal Ltda company, located in Paraopeba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Summary
The carbonization of wood is the process of thermal decomposition of wood, occurring in the absence or presence of controlled quantities of oxygen, generating a solid residue called charcoal (WENZL, 1970), and the generation of condensed and noncondensable gases. During this process the wood is subjected to the action of heat at relatively high temperatures, undergoing a transformation process in which all components are extensively modified (GOMES & OLIVEIRA, 1982). One sample of wood can provide the degradation of different components at the same time
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
