Use of Minimally Invasive Surgical Techniques in the Management of Thoracolumbar Trauma

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Literature review and expert opinion. To provide an overview of the current concepts of minimally invasive surgical (MIS) techniques for the management of thoracolumbar (TL) spinal trauma. Current surgical treatment of thoracolumbar trauma typically involves open placement of spinal instrumentation with fusion. Conventional open spinal exposures can be associated with significant muscle morbidity that can lead to subsequent paraspinal muscular atrophy, scarring, decreased extensor strength and endurance, as well as pain. This approach-related morbidity is the main impetus for application MIS techniques to spinal procedures including trauma. A review of the relevant English literature was performed. The current rationale, clinical applications, outcomes, and limitation of MIS management of TL injuries are summarized. The application of MIS techniques to spinal trauma is theoretically sound. However, the indications and technology are currently in evolution. Although very limited information is available, the results of current MIS techniques for the management of TL trauma are encouraging.