Abstract
Industrial gases are used in blast-furnace operation to increase the productivity of the furnaces, optimize their gasdynamic and thermal operating conditions, and alleviate adverse environmental effects. The following technologies are examined: enrichment of the blast with oxygen when pulverized coal and other fuels are injected into the furnace; oxygen enrichment of the combustion air in the stoves; the suppression of fume formation during taps and transfers of pig iron; oxygen-assisted blast-furnace smelting with recirculation of the top gas after it has been washed to remove CO 2 (the technology ULCOS ‐ ultra-low CO 2 steelmaking).
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