Abstract

espanolEl objetivo de este articulo es el analisis de los cambios en las condiciones de financiacion de las empresas que utilizan bonos convertibles con clausula de rescate anticipada a favor del emisor/tenedor (opcion de compra/venta implicita). El estudio se ha llevado a cabo en dos periodos temporales: antes y despues del estallido de la crisis financiera. El objetivo del mismo es la confirmacion de que la utilizacion de la clausula de rescate anticipado da lugar a mejores condiciones en la captacion de capital que la deuda hibrida tradicional. En el analisis llevado a cabo se han incluido las caracteristicas mas importantes de los bonos convertibles emitidos por las empresas no financieras americanas, antes y despues de la crisis de 2008. Se han utilizado diferentes tests estadisticos para contrastar la igualdad de las caracteristicas de los bonos: test de diferencias significativas, test t para muestras independientes y test de Mann-Whitney; tambien se ha llevado a cabo un analisis de la varianza de dos factores. De los resultados obtenidos se desprende que las peores condiciones economicas llevaron a vencimientos de la deuda, periodos de conversion y primas de conversion mas cortos; se observo tambien un incremento en la ratio de conversion. Sin embargo, los cambios observados se amortiguaron en el caso de los bonos con clausulas de rescate anticipado o, en otros terminos, opciones de compra/venta implicitas. Esto significa que la crisis financiera ha empeorado las condiciones de financiacion hibrida y que la opcion de compra/venta implicita calmo esta situacion al reducir la problematica financiera entre la empresa y los inversores EnglishThe goal of the paper is to analyse the changes in financing conditions of enterprises using convertible bonds, especially those enhanced by the early redemption call/put option. The study was conducted over two periods: before and after the global financial crisis outbreak. The paper has been hypothesized, confirming the use of the call/put option to raise capital on better terms compared to traditional hybrid debt. The study involved the major characteristics of convertible bonds issued by US non-financial corporations before and after the crisis of 2008. To evaluate the differences between the characteristics of bonds, statistical analysis based on significant differences test, t-test for independent samples, the Mann-Whitney test and two-factor analysis of variance were employed. The analysis shows that the worse the economic conditions, the shorter the debt maturity, conversion time and conversion premiums. An increased conversion ratio was also observed. These changes, however, are lower for bonds enhanced by the call/put option. This means that the financial crisis has worsened the conditions of hybrid financing. The call/put option eased this change by reducing the financial distress between the company and investors

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