Abstract
Fly ash and phosphogypsum were used as Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM) by-products for the synthesis of belite-sulfoaluminate clinkers. The influence of raw mixture composition and firing temperature was investigated. Clinkers and cements were examined by X-ray powder diffraction and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The compressive strength of the cements was determined after 28 days. Clinker phases identified included ye’elimite, ß-phase of belite, ternesite and gehlenite, while the main hydration product of the cement pastes was ettringite. The results showed that belite-sulfoaluminate cements can be fabricated with a compressive strength of 45.9 N/mm2 by firing the raw mixture (70 wt.% marl, 10 wt.% bauxite and 20 wt.% phosphogypsum) at a temperature of 1320°C/1h.
Highlights
Fly ash and phosphogypsum were used as Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM) by‐products for the synthesis of belite-sulfoaluminate clinkers
From an environmental and global warming perspective, such cements might reduce the impact caused by CO2 emissions due to their lower firing temperature, and due to the possibility of utilising alternative industrial waste and by-products as raw materials
The compressive strength of the cement paste composed of clinker mixture B heated at 1320°C was higher than that of the lower-temperature clinker mixtures, at 15.90 N/mm2
Summary
Fly ash and phosphogypsum were used as Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM) by‐products for the synthesis of belite-sulfoaluminate clinkers. Los resultados muestran que los cementos belíticos de sulfoaluminatos pueden ser fabricados con una resistencia a compresión de 45.9 N/mm mediante una cocción de la materia prima (70 % en peso de marga, 10 % de bauxita y 20 % de fosfoyeso) a una temperatura de 1320°C/1h. From an environmental and global warming perspective, such cements might reduce the impact caused by CO2 emissions due to their lower firing temperature (compared with that of OPC), and due to the possibility of utilising alternative industrial waste and by-products as raw materials. Gallardo et al [15] reported the fabrication of sulfoaluminate belite clinker containing Ca4Al6O12SO4 as its main phase from the mixture of aluminium dross, fluorogypsum, fly ash and CaCO3, with heat treatment applied in the temperature range from 1100 to 1400°C. In high-aluminium clinkers in the presence of silicon, a nonreactive gehlenite phase can be formed [4, 13]
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