Abstract
Numerical simulation is studied for shell and tube heat exchangers incorporating the usage of the local Ebert and Panchal threshold fouling model on the overall fouling prediction. The overall fouling rate obtained by averaging local fouling rates along the whole heat exchanger was found to be consistent with the fouling rate calculated with overall quantities, at least for the shell-and-tube heat exchanger tested, under the operating conditions studied (299.5 °C film temperature, 4.4 Pa wall shear stress) and for the period of linear fouling. The deposition rate, which is minimally affected by the spatial variations of the thermohydraulic properties, controls the fouling rate. Heterogeneities are caused by variations of the local wall shear stress which varies in a large proportion (2.5 to 11.7 Pa) but whose influence on the fouling rate is low. The wide range of local shear stress recorded is the consequence of the flow establishment in the tubes.
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