Abstract
Artificial heart valves may expose blood to flow conditions that lead to unnaturally high stress and damage to blood cells as well as issues with thrombosis. The purpose of this research was to predict the trauma caused to red blood cells (RBCs), including hemolysis, from the stresses applied to them and their exposure time as determined by analysis of simulation results for blood flow through both a functioning and malfunctioning bileaflet artificial heart valve. The calculations provided the spatial distribution of the Kolmogorov length scales that were used to estimate the spatial and size distributions of the smallest turbulent flow eddies in the flow field. The number and surface area of these eddies in the blood were utilized to predict the amount of hemolysis experienced by RBCs. Results indicated that hemolysis levels are low while suggesting stresses at the leading edge of the leaflet may contribute to subhemolytic damage characterized by shortened circulatory lifetimes and reduced RBC deformability.
Highlights
In 2016, it was estimated that over 28.1 million people in the United Sates (11.5% of the adult population) were diagnosed with a heart disease [1]
The objective of this research is to analyze the flow of blood through a bileaflet mechanical heart valve using computational fluid dynamics for the purpose of assessing cell damage
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Summary
In 2016, it was estimated that over 28.1 million people in the United Sates (11.5% of the adult population) were diagnosed with a heart disease [1]. Heart disease is currently the leading cause of death in the U.S, responsible for about 1 in every 4 deaths [2], and is a major cause of death and morbidity in many industrialized countries. Replacement heart valves are classified as either mechanical or bioprosthetic (made of tissue). Continued research is still being conducted to improve replacement heart valves and optimize their design. Bioprosthetic valves have a shorter life-span than mechanical valves, while mechanical valves are less biocompatible and more aggressively rejected by the body [3]
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