Use of binary agrocenoses to increase the stability of agroeco-systems and obtain environmentally friendly products

Abstract

Modern agriculture is characterized by the fact that the increase in agricultural production is focused on the widespread use of intensive soil cultivation and high pesticidal load, which is accompanied by pollution of ecosystems and deterioration of product quality. The solution to this urgent problem is possible only on the base of a comprehensive ecologization of land use processes. The objects of research are winter wheat Bezenchukskaya 380, potato Impala, hairy vetch (wheat) Glinkovskaya, segetal vegetation, straw of winter wheat, biomass of hairy vetch. Sowing hairy vetch into winter wheat agrocenosis was carried out in spring at the same time as top dressing of grain crops (ammonium nitrate 30 kg/ha active substance) with a seeding rate of 15 kg/ha. After harvesting the monoculture, straw was added into the soil together with the green mass of the vetch. The introduction of hairy vetch into the agrocenosis had a negative effect on the development of segetal plants and ensured an increase in the yield of winter wheat by 19.3-21.2%. The advantage of plowing straw with hairy vetch biomass compared with the introduction of straw into the soil along with fertilizer mineral nitrogen was found to be 8.9-12.6% faster for decomposing linen, 5.7% for mobile phosphorus and 6.3% for exchange potassium. The highest potato yields were formed with the use of green mass of vetch and straw of 20.9 t/ha, which exceeded the variant with straw together with mineral fertilizers by 23.7%.