USING OF BINARY SOWING FOR INCREASING OF SOIL AND BIOTIC COMPLEX AND CROP PRODUCTIVITY

Abstract

This work includes the results of studies whose purpose was to study the agrophytocenosis structure of winter wheat using seed culture (hairy vetch (winter)) and the effectiveness of the subsequent application of its biomass into the agrocenosis together with secondary production of grain crops. Held trials were conducted in 2014-2017. on the basis of the Trust Parneship “Rykanskoe” of the Novousmansky District of the Voronezh Region, in the link of the grain cultivation crop rotation of winter wheat is a potato. The objects of researches were the winter wheat Bezenchukskaya 380, Impala potatoes, hairy vetch (winter) Glinkovskaya, growing in grain fields vegetation, winter wheat straw, biomass of hairy vetch. The undersowing of hairy vetch (winter) in the agrocenosis of winter wheat was carried out in the spring period simultaneously with root fertilizing of a grain crop (ammonium saltpeter 30 kg / ha a.i.) with a seeding rate of 15 kg / ha. After the monoculture was harvested, straw was applied into the soil with ammonium saltpeter 10 kg a.i. per 1 ton of straw and together with the green mass of hairy vetch. It has been established that the application of hairy vetch to the agrocenosis has influenced on the development of such growing in grain fields plants as chicken millet, green bristle, shepherd's purse, field pennycress, odorless chamomile, field violet, cathcweed, satinflower. The decrease in the number of growing in grain fields plants was 43.3-46.0%. The changes in the composition and structure of the agrophytocenosis have a positive effect on the winter wheat yield, the excess relative to the control variant was 19.3-21.2%. The advantage of straw plowing together with hairy vetch biomass in comparison with the application of straw into the soil together with mineral nitrogen fertilizer in the rate of decomposition of linen by 8.9-12.6%, the content of labile phosphorus - 5.7% and exchangeable potassium - 6.3% was found. The highest yield of potatoes was formed herbage of vetch and straw of 20.9 t / ha, which exceeded the variant of applying straw together with mineral fertilizer by 23.7%