Use of an Osteoblast Overload Damage Model to Probe the Effect of Icariin on the Proliferation, Differentiation and Mineralization of MC3T3-E1 Cells through the Wnt/β-Catenin Signalling Pathway

Abstract

Background/Aims: Mechanical loading plays an important role in the regulation of bone mass. However, bone cells are not always under physiological stress. In some cases, bone tissue is subjected to an overloaded mechanical environment. For example, a person who is weight training and a stevedore often experience bone pain, inflammation and other bone fatigue damage symptoms. Icariin is the major ingredient of Herba epimedii, which has been widely used for the treatment of bone injury in traditional Chinese medicine, but its mechanism remains unknown. The aim of this study was to probe the effect of icariin on the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts exposed to overload and to determine whether the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway is involved in the drug response in osteoblasts. Methods: Mouse MC3T3-E1 cells were exposed to mechanical tensile strain using a four- point bending device to create an overload damage model. An MTT assay was performed to determine the effects of icariin on MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation. The mRNA and protein levels of ALP, COL-I, OCN, RUNX2 and β-catenin were assessed using RT-PCR and immunoblotting. The protein levels of β-catenin in the MC3T3-E1 cells were also determined using fluorescence microscopy. The mineralization of osteoblasts was assessed using Alizarin Red S staining. Results: We found that icariin enhanced the proliferation of osteoblasts exposed to overload and promoted MC3T3-E1 cell differentiation and mineralization. Furthermore, the gene and protein expression levels of β-catenin and RUNX2 all increased with icariin treatment compared with those in the damage group. Conclusion: Our study suggested that icariin promotes proliferation and differentiation in osteoblasts exposed to overload. The effect of icariin on osteoblastic differentiation acted by activating the RUNX2 promoter and the Wnt/β- catenin pathway.