Abstract
Three-dimensional laser scanning is a novel measurement technique that is frequently used for the documentation of cultural heritage (CH) objects. In the process of 3D scanning, one can obtain computing 3D models of artworks to be documented. It allows one to produce detailed digitized archives of important CH objects. Moreover, the use of 3D scanning enables the digital reconstruction of architectural fragments, sculptures, and other artworks. One more important application of this technique relates to the creation of molds and replicas for replacements of outdoor CH objects in case their preservation requirements do not allow them to remain in their original place due to the influence of environmental factors. One of the most effective ways of creating replicas is the use of laser additive technologies. Therefore, the combination of 3D scanning and additive technologies is a very promising way of preservation of CH. This paper describes several case studies concerned with the combined usage of 3D laser scanning and additive technologies for digital reconstruction and replication and of outdoor sculptures in St. Petersburg city. One of them is the reconstruction of the zinc sculpture “Eva at the fountain” (XIX century, England), which was destroyed during WWII. Its replica was created by means of laser stereolithography. Eventually, one more project is related to the reconstruction of the fragment of the sufficiently damaged cast-iron XIX century monument. This object was reconstructed using two laser technologies: direct metal laser sintering (DMLS), and laser cladding (LC).
Highlights
In recent decades, one of the most serious challenges in the preservation of cultural and historical heritage has been the rapid decay of exterior monuments due to environmental deterioration, especially in large industrial megapolises
In addition to poor environmental conditions, sculptures and other cultural heritage objects suffer from natural disasters and vandal attacks, which result in damage and sometimes total loss
We describe the results of cases studies on the reconstruction of cultural heritage (CH) objects in the city of St
Summary
One of the most serious challenges in the preservation of cultural and historical heritage has been the rapid decay of exterior monuments due to environmental deterioration, especially in large industrial megapolises. In addition to poor environmental conditions, sculptures and other cultural heritage objects suffer from natural disasters and vandal attacks, which result in damage and sometimes total loss In this context, the question on the need to reconstruct damaged CH objects or to gradually replace them with copies with subsequent transfer of originals to closed museum premises was on the agenda. Innovative 3D laser scanning technology in combination with stone milling machines with numerical software control (CNC) is attractive way of replicating cultural heritage objects. This allows copying sculptural monuments made of natural stone (marble, limestone, granite, etc.). A different approach can be used to replicate ordinary artifacts and to create copies of lost fragments of works of art for modeling restoration work Such tasks can be resolved by means of using laser additive technologies.
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