Abstract
To investigate whether static magnetic fields (SMFs) have a positive effect on the migration and dentinogenesis of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) to promote reparative dentine formation. In vitro scratch assays and a traumatic pulp exposure model were performed to evaluate the effect of 0.4-Tesla (T) SMF on DPSC migration. The cytoskeletons of the DPSCs were identified by fluorescence immunostaining and compared with those of a sham-exposed group. Dentinogenic evaluation was performed by analysing the expressions of DMP-1 and DSPP marker genes using a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) process. Furthermore, the formation of calcified deposits was examined by staining the dentinogenic DPSCs with Alizarin Red S dye. Finally, the role played by the p38 MAPK signalling pathway in the migration and dentinogenesis of DPSCs under 0.4-T SMF was investigated by incorporating p38 inhibitor (SB203580) into the invitro DPSC experiments. The Student's t-test and the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn's post hoc test with a significance level of P<0.05 were used for statistical analysis. The scratch assay results revealed that the application of 0.4-T SMF enhanced DPSCs migration towards the scratch wound (P<0.05). The cytoskeletons of the SMF-treated DPSCs were found to be aligned perpendicular to the scratch wound. After 20days of culture, the SMF-treated group had a greater number of out-grown cells than the sham-exposed group (nonmagnetized control). For the SMF-treated group, the DMP-1 (P<0.05) and DSPP genes (P<0.05), analysed by qRT-PCR, exhibited a higher expression. The distribution of calcified nodules was also found to be denser in the SMF-treated group when stained with Alizarin Red S dye (P<0.05). Given the incorporation of p38 inhibitor SB203580 into the DPSCs, cell migration and dentinogenesis were suppressed. No difference was found between the SMF-treated and sham-exposed cells (P>0.05). 0.4-T SMF enhanced DPSC migration and dentinogenesis through the activation of the p38 MAPK-related pathway.
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