Abstract
Introduction: Urinary tract infection is one of the common bacterial infections seeking treatment in clinical practice. A variety of organisms are associated with UTI and the most common organisms are Escherichia coli and other coliforms. Bacteriological investigations of UTI are not complete without an antibiotic sensitivity test of the isolate. The extensive and inappropriate use of antimicrobial agents has invariably resulted in the development of antibiotic resistance which, in recent years, has become a major problem worldwide. This study aims to determine the bacteriological profile and antibiotic sensitivity patterns and their disease association in a tertiary center. Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of Urology, College of Medical Sciences and Teaching Hospital, Chitwan, Nepal over a period of one year (January 2021 to December 2021). All cases of suspected UTI were sent for urine culture and sensitivity tests were evaluated in this study. Disease associated with UTI, bacteriological profile, and antibiotic sensitivity patterns were evaluated. Results: A total of 1987 cases were sent for urine culture and sensitivity test. The total culture-positive cases were 404 (20.3%). The most common age group for the culture-positive test was 60-70 years (17.3%) followed by 70- 80 years (17.1%). Prevalence was higher in females (56.9%) compared to males (43.1%). Escherichia coli (59.8%) was the most common pathogen isolated followed by Klebsiella species (10.6%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4.4%). Most of the isolates showed susceptibility to amikacin (90.61%), gentamicin (83.76%), and imipenem (73.91%). Conclusions: The increasing trend of resistant strains depicts the random use of antibiotics and requires continuous monitoring of their resistance. Antibiotic susceptibility patterns must be continuously and periodically evaluated to select the appropriate regimen to treat UTI
Highlights
COVID-19 is a contagious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV- 2). 1 The first known case was detected in Wuhan, China in December 2019
Pyemotes species isolated from sputum sample of COVID-19 patient- a Case report
Smear was prepared on slide and two drops of 10% KOH was poured over the smear and covered by cover slip.Presences of mites were revealed when two subsequent sputumsamples were tested in two days interval
Summary
COVID-19 is a contagious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV- 2). 1 The first known case was detected in Wuhan, China in December 2019. 2 The disease has since spread worldwide, leading to an ongoing pandemic. 3 House dust mite allergy is strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of respiratory allergic disease. Pyemotes species isolated from sputum sample of COVID-19 patient- a Case report. A 65 years male patient, farmer by occupation and part time carpenter having symptoms of shortness of breath, fever, headache and body pain came to the Nepalgunj Medical College, Kohalpuron the date of 2078-2-18 BS (2021-6-1 AD). He was known case of Type II diabetes mellitus with hypertension.
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