Urinary pathogenic bacterial profile, antibiogram of isolates and associated risk factors among diabetic patients in Hawassa town, southern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the commonest bacterial infectious disease in community practice with a high rate of morbidity and financial cost. It has been estimated that 150 million people were infected with UTI per annum worldwide which costing global economy more than 6 billion US dollar. In humans, urinary tract is the second commonest site after the respiratory tract, for bacterial infection. Two hundreds forty seven diabetic patients were investigated for UTI using 5 to 10ml midstream urine sample. A loop full urine sample was inoculated on cysteine lactose electrolyte deficient (CLED) agar, MacConkey agar and Blood agar plates. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was done using Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) for all patients. Age, sex, resident, marital status and other factors were used as exposure factor of the cross sectional study. The aim of this study was to assess etiology, risk factors and drug sensitivity pattern of uropathogenic bacteria isolated from diabetic patients. The overall prevalence of significant bacteriuria was 26(10.5%). Significant bacteriuria was significantly associated with age and body mass index. The predominant bacteria isolate was E. coli 12(46.2%) followed by Coagulase negative staphylococcus 7(26.9%).Gram negative bacteria showed high rate of sensitivity (94.1%) to Nitrofurantoin and Norfloxacine. Gram positive bacteria showed 100% sensitive for Amoxacillin-Clavunic acid. Multidrug resistance to two or more drug was observed in 19(73.1%) of bacteria isolates. The overall prevalence of significant UTI in diabetic patients was 10.5%. The most frequently observed organisms were E. coli, CONs, K. pneumoniae, K. oxytoca and S. aureus. Sex, age, BMI, occupational status such as house wife was statistically significant. Gram negative bacteria isolates were the most common antibiotic resistant bacteria isolates from UTI patients.