Urinary metabolomic analysis of bladder cancer patients based on ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry

Abstract

Objective Urinary metabolomic analysis was carried out to discover urinary metabolite biomarkers to assist early diagnosis of bladder cancer.Methods Ultra performance liquid chromatographyhigh-resolution mass spectrometry analysis (UPLC-HRMS) was used to analyze and compare the urinary metabolomic fingerprints from 23 patients with bladder cancer and 21 healthy controls.Data were analyzed with orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) to select metabolites with differential abundance.The structure identity of potential markers was investigated by UPLC-QTOF.The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to assess the diagnostic performance of each metabolite.Results The urinary metabolomic survey discovered 17 potential markers,5 of which were structurally identified.ROC analysis identified two metabolites with potential diagnostic value:2-Octenedioic acid (FC =4.63,P ＜ 0.01 ; AUC =0.787),Vanillactic acid (FC =0.22,P ＜ 0.01 ; AUC =0.762).The diagnostic performance could be further improved by using the ratio of these two markers (OEA∶ VA,AUC =0.867).Conclusion The Ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) based urinary metabolomic analysis of bladder cancer patients revealed alteration patterns of metabolites during the pathogenesis of bladder cancer,and identified 2 metabolite markers. Key words: Bladder cancer; Urine ; Metabolomics