Abstract
The great recent growth of the population of Indian has been in cities, although the country is primarily agricultural still. Human fertility declines in the cities--a condition evidently related to differences in literacy and the distribution of castes and occupations; but cityward migration is very heavy. The migrants often form a floating population, never quite assimilated to city life and the source of various social problems; at the same time the migrants bring Western ways back with them to the country. The historical basis of metropolitan growth was administration, handicrafts, and trade, but, since the Europeans came, it has been modern industry.
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