Abstract
The management of Latin American urbanization processes requires constant monitoring of urban dynamics and their particular characteristics. The aim of this work is to provide a macro-view of the dynamics of urbanization in Mexico through the analysis of urban shrinkage and suburbanization processes. The applied methodology is based on the identification of demographic variations at the municipal level using as sources the census data produced by the National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI) from 1990 to 2020. Although the main causes and the differences between urban dynamics remain to be investigated more specifically, it is concluded that urban shrinkage and suburbanization are both decreasing phenomena in Mexico. Twenty-nine shrinking cities of Mexico are identified in the thirty-year period 1990–2020 and the ten-year demographic variations of the metropolitan municipalities are analyzed, detecting an ongoing catch-up trend among the growth rates of the central and peripheral metropolitan municipalities. This last is unlikely to occur; however, the trend indicates an ongoing stabilization of urbanization processes in Mexico after the boom of the 1990s. <strong>Resumen</strong> La gestión de los procesos de urbanización latinoamericanos requiere un seguimiento constante de la dinámica urbana y sus características particulares. El objetivo de este trabajo es brindar una visión macro de la dinámica de la urbanización en México a través del análisis de los procesos de declive urbano y suburbanización urbanas. La metodología aplicada se basa en la identificación de variaciones demográficas a nivel municipal utilizando como fuentes los datos censales elaborados por el Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (INEGI) de 1990 a 2020. Si bien las principales causas y las diferencias entre las dinámicas urbanas siguen sin resolverse, al ser investigado más específicamente, se concluye que los fenómenos de declive urbano y la suburbanización son ambos fenómenos decrecientes en México. Se identifican las 29 ciudades en declive de México en el período de treinta años 1990–2020 y se analizan las variaciones demográficas decenales de los municipios metropolitanos, detectando una tendencia de recuperación en curso entre las tasas de crecimiento de los municipios metropolitanos centrales y periféricos. Es poco probable que esto último ocurra, sin embargo, los datos indican una tendencia de estabilización en curso de los procesos de urbanización en México después del boom de la década de 1990. <strong>Palabras clave:</strong> Declive Urbano; Suburbanización; Dinámica Urbana; Despoblación; México
Highlights
The accelerated patterns of urbanization around the world are highly heterogenous both within and across countries
Di Pietro: Urban Shrinkage and Suburbanization in Mexico fully, since according to the theoretical lens of differential urbanization (Geyer, Kontuly 1993), intermediate and small cities go through successive periods of fast and slow growth in a continuum of development that spans the evolution of urban systems
Urban Shrinkage in Mexico Urban shrinkage is a relatively new theoretical concept especially developed by academics in northern countries
Summary
The accelerated patterns of urbanization around the world are highly heterogenous both within and across countries. Di Pietro: Urban Shrinkage and Suburbanization in Mexico fully, since according to the theoretical lens of differential urbanization (Geyer, Kontuly 1993), intermediate and small cities go through successive periods of fast and slow growth in a continuum of development that spans the evolution of urban systems. In these terms, counterurbanization could be seen as the final phase of a first cycle of urban development, followed by a secondary cycle of urbanization and spatial concentration. The new overseas authorities legislated to introduce a norm in the spatial organization of the new Spanish cities in America, many times in practice the preexisting form was taken advantage of, meaning cities were drawn up and churches built on pre-Hispanic settlements and temples, involuntarily preserving that millenary tradition that today we can still recognize in some Mexican cities (Galindo, 2013)
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