Abstract
Irregular urban settlement increases environmental impacts, especially when these occupations occur in fragile location, as the environmental preservation areas. In these areas, also defined as Permanent Preservation Area (PPA), the presence of watersheds is common, which is the factor that increases the need of protecting them from anthropic actions. Those actions deteriorate the environment and mainly the watercourses. This research objective is to identify and estimate the environmental risks of M’Boyci watershed River PPA occupied areas by urban population. The risk analysis approach, at this PPA in Foz do Iguacu City in Brazil, is able to support public interventions in order to reestablish the PPA natural conditions. To reach this goal, it was necessary to use cartographical representation images, generated from digital orthophotos analyzed through free geographical information systems. The overlap and the contrast of geographical data related to preservation in urban areas show that urban occupation reaches almost 40% of the permanent preservation area. Complementarily, it is evidenced that the development of a risk map identifies PPA areas characterized by a greater concentration of irregular settlement, contributing to the planning process of residents, relocation actions and recovery of degraded areas.
Highlights
The deranged demographic growth in big cities is, according to [1], very much present in developing countries
Irregular urban settlement increases environmental impacts, especially when these occupations occur in fragile location, as the environmental preservation areas
Defined as Permanent Preservation Area (PPA), the presence of watersheds is common, which is the factor that increases the need of protecting them from anthropic actions
Summary
The deranged demographic growth in big cities is, according to [1], very much present in developing countries. Urban growth is leading to frequent disorganized occupations in Permanent Preservation Area (PPA) on the edges of rivers, as shown by [3] [4] and [5], as occurring in the studied city. The PPA, according to [5], has the task of fragile environment protection, as river edges, favoring watercourses continuity, but in several recent studies the inefficiency of regulatory agency studies in PPA’s advances land occupations control becomes evident. In this context, this research aims to present a spatial analysis methodology to identify irregular occupation areas, which presents higher risks. In order to achieve the goal, geographical data about the occupation of urban land and environmental zoning data will be used
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