Abstract
Green areas in urban agglomerations are strategic resource for the sustainable city development. The implementation of Urban Forestry Projects (UFP) allows on the one hand to raise the environmental quality level, improving the microclimate and preserving biodiversity, on the other hand to promote urban regeneration and promote socio-economic development by creating eco-systemic s er vices for the population. The result is a more rational land use and an increase in real estate values. Although the EU Directives show the need to promote the sustainable territory growth through the recover y and redevelopment of the built environment, the implementation of investments based on eco-system logic is rarely counted as a priority action for the city, often preferring a different allocation of available resources. The present work aims first to define an indicators set useful to express the value components – financial, social, cultural and ecological- environmental – for the UFP. These indicator s are the reference terms for the characterization of an innovative protocol of multicriteria analysis for the public operator who wants to establish the optimal distribution of funds between UFP units in limited areas of the urban fabric. The protocol uses the algorithms of mathematical programming and is tested on a case study about urban areas to be redeveloped.
Highlights
1.1 Integrated urban sustainable developmentSince the end of the Second World War, the growth of many cities, both European and not, has often taken place in an uncontrolled manner, restoring over time a territory with: increasingly large, frayed and densely populated urban areas; uncertain or even poor-quality real estate; insufficient services and infrastructure levels; limited green areas journal valori e valutazioni No 27 - 2020(Termorshuizen et al, 2007)
The spread and dispersion of settlements has led to the increasing occupation of originally agricultural land, natural or semi-natural, in favour of buildings and/or infrastructure (Torre et al, 2017). These factors negatively affect the city’s urban organization for differentiation and alteration of ecological, environmental and urban income values, development of productive activities, quality, liveability and social equity of urban contexts (Morano et al, 2018). This has led, for some time, operators to look for more rational models of soil transformation and control urban income tools through new sustainable action strategies based on the integrated management of existing resources, both human and natural
The five performance indicators considered, as they are most frequently used in literature, are: 1) Canopy Cover, as «the percentage of land covered by the vertical projection of the canopies of the trees» (Jennings et al, 1999); 2) Water reserves presence, expressed as the area occupied by small and/or medium-sized water basins; 3) Native vegetation degree, capable of expressing the areas biodiversity to be regenerated according to number of existing tree species; 4) Income indicators, as measure of the development of productive activities in the urban area (Internal Rate of Return, Net Present Value or Return on Investment Time); 5) Area destined for recreational services, i.e. areas destined for cultural activities and socialrecreational services, with regard to the psycho-physical well-being of the residents
Summary
Since the end of the Second World War, the growth of many cities, both European and not, has often taken place in an uncontrolled manner, restoring over time a territory with: increasingly large, frayed and densely populated urban areas (urban sprawl); uncertain or even poor-quality real estate; insufficient services and infrastructure levels; limited green areas journal valori e valutazioni No 27 - 2020. These factors negatively affect the city’s urban organization for differentiation and alteration of ecological, environmental and urban income values, development of productive activities, quality, liveability and social equity of urban contexts (Morano et al, 2018) This has led, for some time, operators to look for more rational models of soil transformation and control urban income tools (e.g. mechanisms for the optimal resources allocation between alternative use destinations of existing physical and anthropic space; processes of expropriation of urban areas for public use; systems aimed at identifying the best location of productive activities) through new sustainable action strategies based on the integrated management of existing resources, both human and natural. In the settlement transformation processes, the objective of producing multiple effects on the territory makes it necessary to pursue integrated logic, through initiatives that combine the plurality of project objectives with the ecosystem services of urban forestry These are actions that take different forms according to the intervention scale: single building, block, urban districts of small/medium size, large land portions (Goméz-Baggethum et al, 2013). The algorithms of Operational Research allow to solve (Ishizaka and Nemery, 2013) complex decision patterns with high number of variables and multiple objectives to be pursued simultaneously through the writing of linear expressions between the problem parameters, while respecting specific constraints (Guitouni et al, 1998)
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