URBAN PLANNING AND HEALTH

Abstract

The evolution of ideas about the protection of the health of city residents is shown, starting with the emergence of the very science of urban planning in the last quarter of the 19th century. If in the works of its founder, Reinhard Baumeister, in relation to the health of citizens, the main attention was paid to their physical condition, namely sanitation and hygiene, then in the works of Camillo Sitte and Josef Stbben, who completed the formation of classical urban planning science, attention began to be paid not only to their physical, but and mental health and well-being. Ebenezer Howards idea of a garden city, which appeared as if in opposition to classical urban planning, actually turned out to be its development, as indicated by the successful implementation of the settlements of the Weimar Republic and Clarence Perrys neighborhood units, as examples of the integration of Howards ideas directly into the big city. Separately, the architecture of Swiss mountain resorts is considered, which is entirely subordinated to the promotion of health, and therefore had a direct impact on the entire architecture of the 20th century and its urban planning. In terms of time, this study is limited by the beginning of the global economic crisis of 1929 and the Great Depression, which resulted in radical changes in urban planning, due to which the issues of physical and mental health of city residents faded into the background.