Abstract
This paper proposed a framework to integrate metro for urban logistics delivery in order to avert the conflicts with ground transportation, reduce delivery cost, transport distance and delivery time of vehicles. Integrating metro-based Underground Logistics System (ULS) with ground delivery vehicles (GDVs), an urban logistics delivery path optimization model based on a single metro line was built to improve delivery efficiency. In handling this model, total transport cost was taken as the objective function by considering the capacity limitations of GDVs and soft customer time window (CTW), vehicle routing problem with Time Windows (VRPTW) was also taken into account. By means of the saving algorithm (CW algorithm) and the improved Tabu Search algorithm (CWTS), our established model was solved to optimize the delivery routes under metro-based ULS. Through the case analysis of a Logistics Transport Enterprise (LTE) in Nanjing, it was shown that our proposed algorithm consistently outperformed Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) in taking less computation time and obtaining better results. Our proposed delivery mode also had a great advantage compared to the traditional truck delivery (TD) alone in terms of saving cost and guaranteeing the quality of service (QoS). The sensitivity analysis of the capacity offered an optimal GDV capacity setting to reduce total delivery cost.
Highlights
With the continuously growing share of the population living in urban areas, the freight demand has become fragmented and the volume of cargoes customers ask to deliver has greatly increased Lagorio et al [1]
This paper proposed to construct an urban metro-based delivery network to further demonstrate the application of vehicle routing problem with Time Windows (VRPTW) in logistic system, which successively includes three stages: the route from the delivery center to the metro entry station, named as truck delivery (TD) part; the metro delivery (MD) part indicates the route of the metro entry station to the metro exit station; the ground delivery (GD) part refers to the route from the metro exit station to the customers
The integrated algorithm (CWTS) offers a novel and effective solution method to handle our proposed metro-based Underground Logistics System (ULS); (2) In the GD part of our delivery framework, when the capacity of ground delivery vehicles (GDVs) increases to a fixed value, a stable state can be achieved and the logistics delivery system can operate smoothly, the given optimal capacity setting can help save total delivery cost and optimize system configuration; (3) By considering metro-based ULS, our proposed delivery plan can efficiently utilize transportation resources, save delivery cost and guarantee quality of service (QoS) when compared with traditional TD
Summary
With the continuously growing share of the population living in urban areas, the freight demand has become fragmented and the volume of cargoes customers ask to deliver has greatly increased Lagorio et al [1]. Construct the initial solution of the route of GDVs from the metro exit station to the customer points This part is completed by CW algorithm. In order to compare with CWTS proposed in this paper, the delivery model is solved by ACO and PSO As selforganizing algorithms, they are widely adopted for their simple and feasible procedures and are typical methods to solve VRP. The number of GDVs is slightly added to 6 in the results of ACO and PSO, the updated delivery routes are shown in FIGURE 8, the optimal delivery cost of ACO is 2312.5 and 2286.4 for PSO In these 3 delivery plans (CWTS (5 GDVs), ACO (6 GDVs) and PSO (6 GDVs)), all goods ordered by customers are delivered within the CTW, with a punctuality rate of 100%. PSO indicate that these 2 approaches can’t realize the coordination of minimizing delivery cost while retaining high transport efficiency
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