Abstract
The growth and diversification of transport demand accompanied with social and economic development led to increasing energy consumption in transport sector. In order to find a way that can not only contribute to reducing transportation energy consumption but also fully meet the transport demand, the research firstly formulated three indicators. Urban density implies population size and intensity of social and economic activities that is related to transport demand. Accessibility is defined by per capita road area and average bus numbers of ten thousand people and reflects transport conditions of private and public traffic. Per capita energy consumption in transport sector was used to characterize environmental effects. The data of urban density and accessibility was collected from the National Statistical Yearbook, while the data of transport energy consumption was obtained by conversion of DMSP/OLS (Defense Meteorological Satellite Program/Operational Lines-can System) night lighting data which is a sign of human activity. Secondly, considering the different levels of transport infrastructure and economic development in different regions of China, only 30 provincial capital cities were selected to analyze the relationships of the three indicators mentioned above. Based on relationship analysis, 30 cities were divided into three patterns. It was founded that the first pattern would be optimal because of a good match of transport demand and supply coupled with low energy consumption. The second pattern is non-ideal, since it is at high level of energy consumption and less balanced between transport demand and supply. The third pattern should improve accessibility and reduce energy consumption. Finally, some suggestions about urban transport development that are suitable to local conditions were proposed for different urban patterns.
Highlights
Transportation plays a key role in smart and green cities
Considering the different levels of transport infrastructure and economic development in different regions of China, only 30 provincial capital cities were selected to analyze the relationships of the three indicators mentioned above
Considering the regional differences in China resulting from different levels of transport infrastructure and economic development, 30 provincial capital cities were selected in order to analyze the relationship of urban characteristics, transport accessibility and energy consumption in transport sector
Summary
Rapid economic growth and urbanization increase the service demand of urban private transport and public transport, and raise the energy consumption in transport section dramatically [1,2]. Related studies showed that relationship between urban density and energy consumption in transport is generally considered a negative correlation, namely more compact city, much easier to reduce energy consumption in transportation [5,6,7,8]. Considering the regional differences in China resulting from different levels of transport infrastructure and economic development, 30 provincial capital cities were selected in order to analyze the relationship of urban characteristics, transport accessibility and energy consumption in transport sector. 30 cities were divided into different patterns in order to provide references for the reasonable measures of urban transport development that are suitable to local conditions
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