Abstract
Various conceptions of pattern from biology, computer science, and mathematics to environmental design, psychology, and sociology give rise to the multiplicity of definitions, descriptions, applications, scales, and common features of spatial patterns in urban environments. Considering the complex relations between spatiality and sociality in place theory, the study tends to explore a growing body of knowledge in conceptions of urban crime and pattern. Placing the investigations of urban crime in relation to sociality and spatiality, the paper advocates for departuring from spatiality that is the common ground between urban crime and pattern conceptions. Hence, dismissing both deterministic and free-will approaches to environmental design and addressing the urban crime as a complex city problem, the study argues that adopting a kind of spatial knowledge and possibilistic approach is critical for both understanding and transforming the city in order to investigate the issue of urban crime in relation to spatial patterns.
Highlights
The idea of pattern has been largely articulated in various approaches to evolutionary transformations in generative processes in science and nature
A review of literature indicates that criminology, environmental design, sociology, and environmental psychology are closely involved with the issue of crime in the city with relatively difference perspectives
The complex relations between spatiality and sociality are likely to be contested and challenged whenever the various approaches to urban crime tend to reduce the spatial-social relations of the problem
Summary
The idea of pattern has been largely articulated in various approaches to evolutionary transformations in generative processes in science and nature. A review of literature indicates that criminology, environmental design, sociology, and environmental psychology are closely involved with the issue of crime in the city with relatively difference perspectives. These major academic disciplines tend to address and appropriate the complexity of problem with their own articulations and preconceptions of crime. The complex relations between spatiality and sociality are likely to be contested and challenged whenever the various approaches to urban crime tend to reduce the spatial-social relations of the problem In this way, the paper includes two interrelated study of urban crime in terms of crime preventions through environmental design and fear of crime and conceptions of pattern and pattern languages. Referring to the complexity of urban crime as one of the critical problems of the cities worldwide, the study addresses the relations between conceptions of urban crime, pattern, and pattern languages concerning the spatiality paradigm and sociality-spatiality relations
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