Abstract
Cyperus has been commonly used as a multi-use medicinal plant in folk medicine worldwide. The objectives of our study were to determine the different metabolites in the Cyperus conglomeratus Rottb. methanol extract, and to assess its in vivo gastroprotective effect in ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model in rats. Serum levels of galactin-3 and TNF-α were employed as biochemical markers. To pinpoint for active agents, comprehensive metabolites profiling of extract via UPLC-qTOF-MS/MS was employed. A total of 77 chromatographic peaks were detected, of which 70 were annotated. The detected metabolites were categorized into phenolic acids and their derivatives, flavonoids, stilbenes, aurones, quinones, terpenes, and steroids. Rats were divided into six groups; healthy control, ulcer control, standard drug group, and 25, 50, 100 mg/kg of C. conglomeratus treated rats. Pre-treatment with C. conglomeratus alcohol extract significantly reduced galactin-3, and TNF-α in ethanol-induced ulcer model at 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg. Further histopathological and histochemical studies revealed moderate erosion of superficial epithelium, few infiltrated inflammatory cells, and depletion of gastric tissue glycoprotein in the ulcer group. Treatment with the extract protected the gastric epithelial cells in a dose-dependent manner. It could be concluded that C. conglomeratus extract provides significant gastroprotective activity in ethanol-induced gastric ulcer and ought to be included in nutraceuticals in the future for ulcer treatment.
Highlights
Medicinal plants, throughout history, served as promising resources for natural drugs [1,2]
A comprehensive metabolite profiling was performed of C. conglomeratus alcohol extract used in this bioassays using UPLC-qTOF-MS
C. conglomeratus extract, an increase in magenta color in the mucosal cell layer compared to the ulcerated group was observed in a dose-dependent manner (Figure 4C–E)
Summary
Throughout history, served as promising resources for natural drugs [1,2] In these days, medicinal herbs are integral to the resources of safety and potent medicinal drugs due to their bioactive phytochemical components [1]. Phytochemical components, especially phenolics such as flavonoids, tannins, phenolic acids, stilbenes, quinones, alkaloids, coumarins, as well as steroids, terpenoids/saponins played a significant role in the mechanisms of antiulcerogenic and gastroprotective activities [4,5]. The previous biological studies on Cyperus plants indicated their significant effects including antimicrobial (Sharma et al, 2014), anti-inflammatory [6], hepatoprotective [7], gastroprotective [5], anti-malarial [8], antioxidant [9], and anti-diabetic [10] activities. Several classes of compounds were isolated and reported from Cyperus sp. including essential oil [11], quinones [12], flavonoids [5,13], aurones [14,15], sesquiterpenes, steroids [16], and nitrogenous compounds [17]
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