Upconversion properties of Er 3+ doped lead silicate glasses

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We report the spectroscopic behaviour of the Er 3+ ion in two lead silicate glasses containing different concentrations of PbO. Evidence is given for blue and green upconversion fluorescence in the two Er 3+ doped lead silicate glasses with the use of 650 nm, 800 nm and 1.5 µm excitation. Analysis of the results shows that upconversion occurs via the sequential absorption of photons from the metastable 4I 13/2 state. Furthermore, we show that upconversion is facilitated due to the low radiative transition probabilities and to the inefficient multiphonon relaxation.